We’ve never been to Europe before.
We haven’t either.
Neither have we.
I’ve never read this novel.
I haven’t either.
Neither have I.
Jack’s never read this book.
I haven’t either.
Neither have I.
I haven’t been to Korea.
I haven’t either.
Neither have I.
I haven’t been to New Zealand.
Neither have I.
I haven’t either.

We’ve never been there before.
Neither have we.
We haven’t either.
We’ve never been to Tokyo before.
We haven’t either.
Neither have we.
I’ve never met Mr. Gates.
Neither have I.
I haven’t either.
I haven’t spoken Japanese for a long time.
Neither have I.
I haven’t either.
I haven’t heard any news about earthquake in Indonesia.
I haven’t either.
Neither have I.
I’ve never been to France.
I haven’t either.
Neither have I.
I haven’t eaten breakfast yet.
I haven’t either.
Neither have I.

Have you ever been in Europe?
Yes, I’ve been there.
No, I’ve never been there.

Have you ever watched this movie?
Yes, I’ve watched it.
No, I’ve never watched it.

Has Matthew ever studied Japanese?
Yes, he’s studied it.
No, he’s never studied it.

Have you ever written a book?
Yes, I’ve written a book.
No, I’ve never written one.

Has Mary ever tried to cook this recipe?
Yes, she’s tried to cook it.
No, she’s never tried to cook it.

Have you ever ridden a horse?
Yes, I’ve ridden one.
No, I’ve never ridden one.

Have you ever been in Bali?
Yes, I’ve been there.
No, I’ve never been there.

Have you ever met my sister?
Yes, I’ve met her.
No, I’ve never met her.

Grammar Practice.

I have.
I’ve.
I’ve done all the works.

They have.
They’ve.
They’ve completed all the jobs.

You have.
You’ve.
You’ve finished all the assignments.

We have.
We’ve.
We’ve arranged the tour to Europe.

She has.
She’s.
She’s finished her homework.

He has.
He’s.
He’s fixed the car.

John has.
John’s.
John’s seen the movies.

Somebody has.
Somebody’s.
Somebody’s helped us to solve the business problems.

You and I have.
You and I’ve.
You and I’ve set up the schedule.

Christ and I have.
Christ and I’ve.
Christ and I’ve made the mutual agreement.

Irregular Verbs : Substitution Drills.

Say – said – said.
I’ve already said it.

Buy – bought – bought.
I’ve already bought it.

Hear – heard – heard.
They’ve already heard the news.

Meet – met – met.
We’ve met before.

Tell – told – told.
I’ve already told you about it.

Think – thought – thought.
I’ve already thought about it.

Read – read – read.
She’s already read the magazine.

Leave – left – left.
They’ve already left the room.

Have – had – had.
She’s already had the lunch.

What Is Economics?

Economics is the study of how scarce resources are used to produce outputs—goods and services—to be distributed among people.

Resources are the inputs used to produce outputs.

Because a business uses resources to produce things, we also call these resources factors of production.

Input and Output Markets.

Many of the factors of production are provided to businesses by households.

Households not only provide factors of production but also consume goods and services.

Businesses not only buy resources but also produce and sell both goods and services.

The Questions Economists Ask.

1. What goods and services should be produced to meet consumers’ needs? In what quantity? When should they be produced?

2. How should goods and services be produced? Who should produce them, and what resources, including technology, should be combined to produce them?

3. Who should receive the goods and services produced? How should they be allocated among consumers?

Economic Systems

The answers to these questions depend on a country’s economic systemeconomic system—the means by which a society (households, businesses, and government) makes decisions about allocating resources to produce products and about distributing those products.

Generally speaking, economic systems can be divided into two systems: planned systems and free market systems.

Comunism: The system with the highest level of government control is communism. In theory, a communist economy is one in which the government owns all or most enterprises.

Socialism: Under socialism, industries that provide essential services, such as utilities, banking, and health care, may be government owned. Other businesses are owned privately.

Capitalism: Economic system in which most businesses are owned and operated by individuals. Economic system featuring the lowest level of government control over allocation and distribution.

Mixed market system: Though it’s possible to have a pure communist system, or a pure capitalist system, in reality many economic systems are mixed.A mixed market economy relies on both markets and the government to allocate resources.

Privatization: Even previously communist economies, such as those of Eastern Europe and China, are becoming more mixed as they adopt capitalistic characteristics and convert businesses previously owned by the government to private ownership through a process called privatization.

Free market system. According to Adam Smith, competition alone would ensure that consumers received the best products at the best prices, which is called free market system.

Collins, Karen. Exploring Business. 1969 . Flat World Knowledge. 5 Sep, 2009. .

Additional Lesson About Greetings Part 2.

Formal Greetings.

Good morning.
Good afternoon.
Good evening.
Hello, how are you?

Responses To Formal Greetings.

Hello.
Hello, good afternoon.
Good evening.
I’m fine. Thank you.
Very well, thank you.

Informal Greetings.

Hi, how’s life?
What’s news?
How’s everything?
How’s business?
Good to see you.

Responses To Informal Greetings.

Terrific. And you?
Just fine, thanks.
Great, thanks.
Pretty well. What about you?
I’m fine. Thank you.

Sample Conversation.

Good morning, Sarah.
Good morning, Mr.Abraham.
How are you?
Very well, thank you. And how are you, sir?
I’m fine, thank you. Did you have a good time during your holiday in Europe?
Yes, sir. I had a great time. Thank you.

I Went To Yogya to See The Computer Exhibition.

Hi, Philip.
Hello, Anna. How’s everything?
Just fine, thanks, and how about you?
Good, thanks. How was your weekend, Anna?
It was great. I went to Jogjakarta to see the computer exhibition. What about you?
Not too bad. I just stayed at home, we had a family gathering.